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AgroWeb
Serbia, a part of the AgroWeb
Central and Eastern Europe Network is created in aim to
collect and provide information on agricultural institutions and
other important agriculture related subjects to help users to find
information and contacts in Central and Eastern European countries
and former USSR.
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Basic datas: |
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Republic
of Serbia
Serbia is located in the central part of the Balkan Peninsula,
on the most important route linking Europe and Asia, occupying
an area of 88, 361 sq. km. Serbia is in the West European
time zone (one hour ahead of Greenwich time). Its climate
is temperate continental, with a gradual transition between
the four seasons of the year.
Belgrade is the capital of Serbia. With a population of 1.6
million, it is the country's administrative, economic and
cultural centre.
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| Basic statistical
data on Serbia (according to the census from 2002):
Territory 88,361 km2
Location Between 41°52' and
46°11' of North latitude and 18°06' and 23°01' of East longitude
Population (excluding Kosovo):
7,498,001
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Agricultural land
5,718,599 ha out of witch:
4,674,622
ha Arable land,
1,006,473
ha Pastures,
37,504
ha Fish-ponds.
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Sown with:
2,453,374
ha Cereals
494,598
ha Reed-marshes and ponds forage
348,641
ha Industrial herbs
300,484
ha Vegetables
256,887
ha Orchards
85,763
ha Vineyards
2,164
ha Nursery-gardens
64,722
ha Not cultivated
666,702
ha Meadows
86,866
ha Forests |
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Agriculture: |
| The total surface area
of Serbia is 8,840,000 ha. Agricultural land stretches over (covers)
5,734,000 ha. (0.56 ha. per capita), of which 4,867,000 ha. are arable
land (0.46 ha. per capita). Farmland comprises 70% of the total surface
area of Serbia, while 30% is woodland.
The climate is temperate continental with an average annual temperature
of 11-12°C. The temperatures in January and June average -1 - +1°C
and 22-23°C respectively. Average annual precipitation ranges from
600mm to 800mm in the plains and between 800mm and 1,200mm in the
mountains.
Land and climate conditions are highly conducive to the development
of agriculture. The plains of Vojvodina, Kosovo, Metohija, Pomoravlje,
Posavina, Tamnava, Krusevac and Leskovac offer favourable conditions
for mechanized field crop farming and vegetable production.
Rolling hills and foothills support fruit and wine production and
livestock breeding. The hills and mountains of Zlatibor, Rudnik,
Stara Planina, Kopaonik and Sar are attractive for developing sheep
and cattle production and forestry.
The Republic of Serbia has a total agricultural labour force of
1,305,426, comprising 17.3% of the total population. According to
the latest data, the population engaged in agricultural production
is rapidly aging.
The structure of Serbia's agricultural labour force is as follows:
livestock breeding (43%), field crop farming (42%), fruit and wine
production (12%), other crops (3%).
Traditional family-owned small farms and private estates prevail,
with the average commercial farm occupying 500-700 ha. Family farms
consist of small plots and are based on subsistence production,
being turned over to commercial use to a smaller degree than European
farms.
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| PRODUCT |
1998
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1999
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2000
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| Wheat |
2.631.655
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2.030.746
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1.924.385
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| Maize |
4.953.408
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6.126.428
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2.937.537
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| Sunflower |
277.572
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272.550
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217.608
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| Sugar
beet |
1.971.362
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2.487.580
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1.070.033
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| Tobacco |
10.568
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14.131
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11.067
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| Raspberry |
63.796
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64.680
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55.999
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| Strawberry |
30.637
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39.707
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24.910
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| Sour
cherry |
66.397
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70.979
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58.013
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| Plum |
464.649
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379.569
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351.307
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| Grapes |
398.549
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182.939
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326.658
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| Mutton |
19.000
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17.000
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19.000
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| Beef |
98.000
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97.000
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103.000
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(tons)
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| Milk |
1.636.756
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1.665.024
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1.585.427
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| Wine |
150.022
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64.404
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123.290
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(thousands
of litres)
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| Agricultural land is cultivated
using 425,000 double-axle tractors, 261,000 single-axle tractors,
25,000 combines and more than 3 million machine tools. Rural transport
infrastructure is underdeveloped, while agricultural machinery and
equipment are in generally poor condition. The average age of tractors
is 12 years, while combines average 15 years old.
Mineral fertilizer consumption is 36 kilos per hectare. The use
of agrochemicals is fairly low and kept in check, with a highly
organized system of regular veterinary, phytosanitary and sanitary
inspections.
Serbia's irrigation system covers 180,000 ha. Yet only 30,000 ha.
of cultivated land is irrigated, which means that irrigation in
Serbia is minimal. For this reason, potential for greater production
of sugar beet, sunflower, soy, vegetables and forage are not fully
exploited.
Livestock production is dominated by cattle, while fields and gardens
cover most farmland. There is a marked neglect of the potential
of meadows, pastures and fields for more intensive and efficient
livestock production.
Serbia has a network of agrarian organizations in the form of chambers,
farmers' cooperatives, unions and funds.
According to the most recent data, Serbia numbers 6,000 townships.
Rural regions stage numerous events presenting ethno-culture and
folk art, including fairs, exhibitions, kermises and various competitions.
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Links: |
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Serbia - Info map |
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Institute for statistics |
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Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry
and Water Management of Republic Serbia - Contacts |
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International Fair, Novi Sad |
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Belgrade Fair
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European
Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) |
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